Extreme drought is a research area that focuses on the study of prolonged and severe periods of significantly below-average precipitation and water availability. These drought events can have far-reaching impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, water resources, and economies. Researchers in this field investigate the causes, characteristics, impacts, and potential mitigation strategies for extreme drought events, using tools such as climate models, remote sensing, and historical data analysis. The goal of this research is to improve our understanding of extreme droughts and develop strategies to better prepare for and respond to their effects in the future.